In the Fe-NTA model only, Northern and Western blot analyses of the kidney revealed induction of ADF/TRX (> 2.5-fold) after 16 hours and translocation of ADF/TRX from the cytoplasmic to nuclear fraction (> 3.5-fold) after 24 hours.     ///    "Collectively, these data suggest that: (a) ADF/TRX is induced and translocated to nuclei by oxidative damage mediated by Fe-NTA in the renal proximal tubules. "    ///    and (c) ADF/TRX is involved in the cellular defense mechanisms in vivo against oxidative damage..     ///    (b) induction of ADF/TRX is independent of tubular necrosis or sulfhydryl depletion.     ///    "In ex vivo experiments using serial normal kidney frozen sections, it was found that renal proximal tubules with low expression of ADF/TRX were more vulnerable to oxidative stress mediated by Fe-NTA. "    ///    Immunohistochemistry showed a patchy distribution of ADF/TRX in the normal renal proximal tubules.     ///    ADF/TRX is a conserved multifunctional reductant presumably associated with redox regulation of the cellular environment.     ///    "In the present series of experiments, we studied the expression and intracellular localization of ADF/TRX in mouse kidney from two different renal tubular injury models: a free radical-associated model with ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) and a free radical-independent model with HgCl2. "