Inhibition of GEF-H1 by specific small interfering RNA or inactivation of Rho-associated kinase with Y-27632 not only significantly reduced LPS-induced p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activities but also blocked LPS-induced NF-?B translocation and activation, thereby inhibiting IL-6/TNF-? mRNA and protein productions.     ///    "Specific inactivation of RhoA/Cdc42/Rac1 by Clostridium difficile toxin B-10463 (TcdB-10463) reduced LPS-induced nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B) p65 phosphorylation, IL-6/TNF-? messenger RNA (mRNA), and IL-6/TNF-? protein productions. "    ///    "Activated Rho-associated kinase by GEF-H1 subsequently activates p38 and ERK1/2, thereby increasing IL-6/TNF-? expression in endothelial cells. "    ///    "however, both inhibitors significantly suppressed IL-6/TNF-? mRNA and protein expression. "    ///    "P38 and ERK1/2 regulate LPS-induced IL-6/TNF-? expression through an NF-?B-dependent manner and an NF-?B-independent manner, respectively.. "    ///    "Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells, we analyzed the role of guanine-nucleotide exchange factor H1 (GEF-H1) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent IL-6/TNF-? expression in endothelial cells. "