We studied NF-kappaB/p65, a well-characterised member of the NF-kappaB family that undergoes nuclear translocation when NF-kappaB is activated.     ///    nuclear NF-kappaB/p65 staining in pre-therapy specimens) was linked to chemoresistance.     ///    "Notably, four patients achieved a complete histological response and none of them had pre-treatment NF-kappaB/p65 nuclear staining. "    ///    "To provide evidence in a clinical setting on the role of NF-kappaB in breast cancer, we aimed to study the value of basal NF-kappaB/p65 in predicting resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and to characterise the pharmacodynamic changes in NF-kappaB/p65 expression following chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. "    ///    Pre- and post-chemotherapy tumour specimens from 51 breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline- and/or taxane-containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy were assayed by immunohistochemistry for NF-kappaB/p65 subcellular expression.     ///    "Moreover, the number of patients with NF-kappaB/p65 activation increased after chemotherapy exposure. "    ///    "Patients with NF-kappaB/p65 nuclear staining in pre-treatment samples had a 20% clinical response rate, while patients with undetected nuclear staining had a 91% response rate to chemotherapy (P = 0.002). "    ///    It is concluded that NF-kappaB/p65 activation assayed by immunohistochemistry is a predictive factor of resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. 